The Trilateral Impasse: The Strategic Rivalry and Complex Interplay of Pakistan, India and Iran

Abstract

The trilateral relationship among Pakistan, India, and Iran exemplifies the complex
geopolitical manoeuvring that shapes the regional strategic landscape. This paper
analyses how regional security dynamics within one context can destabilize others and
influence mutual perceptions, thereby complicating this triangular relationship. Each
nation is prompted to reassess its strategies and alliances. The interplay of converging
and diverging factors defines this relationship: India’s pursuit of regional dominance
and external balancing, Iran's need for internal stability, the ideological rift with
Pakistan, and Pakistan's limited proactive engagement in regional affairs serve as key
catalysts. Recent tensions, such as India-Pakistan escalations and Iran’s conflict with
Israel, have altered regional dynamics. This shift provides Pakistan with a strategic
opportunity to align with Iran, potentially counterbalancing India’s influence in the
region.