Instrument Construction and Exploration of Students' Collaboration Skills Based on the Summated Rating Scale

Abstract

One of the essential 21st-century skills that students must possess is the ability to

collaborate. However, profiling students' collaboration skills is challenging

without valid and reliable instruments. Therefore, this research aims to map the

profile of students' collaboration skills using valid and reliable instruments. This

study is descriptive-explorative research with a quantitative approach. The

research sample included 900 Islamic Senior High School/Madrasah Aliyah

students, with 150 students participating in the instrument trials and 750 serving

as the primary sample in this study. The results indicate that the collaboration

ability instrument is valid and reliable, as demonstrated by a loading factor

value > 0.5, T-Value > 1.96, RMSEA 0.00 < 0.08, RMR 0.043, Std. RMR 0.040,

GFI 0.95, AGFI 0.87, NNFI 0.97, CFI 0.98, IFI 0.98, RFI 0.97, PNFI 0.85, and a

composite reliability coefficient CR=0.909 from the second-order confirmatory

factor analysis. The findings show that students' collaboration skills are moderate,

with an average score of 26.4, which falls within the medium category. The

distribution of students' abilities is as follows: 347 students (46.3%) are classified

as having moderate abilities, 207 students (27.6%) as having high skills, and 196

students (26.1%) as having low skills. Based on these results, teachers and

stakeholders are encouraged to enhance students' collaboration skills through

student-centred learning approaches, such as project-based learning, which can

provide students with opportunities to engage and practice working together

actively in the learning process.