COVID-19 Pandemic and Xenophobia: Case Studies Based on Social Theories

Abstract

With the COVID-19 Pandemic, there have been many challenges and negative impacts on social, and economic life, including xenophobia. So, this paper strives to describe the contents of the presented xenophobia concepts through the identified sub-concepts and open codes- gathered from media by content analysis method.  The paper also provides authentic citations that connect the results and raw data from the media. The performed analysis demonstrated that xenophobia is relative to a country or group of countries' contexts of a threat to their physical, social, and cultural beliefs. Xenophobia included various aspects, e.g., filtered information, economic threat, and emotional reactions. These can be exemplified through media news and incidents occurring in each country or region.